ABSTRACT
Aim. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of extracts, fractions and secondary metabolites of plants of the genus Silene (Caryophylaceae) and Serratula cupuliformis (Asteraceae) on the replication of SARS-CoV-2.Material and Methods. Silene spp. and Serratula cupuliformis of the Siberian Botanical Garden of National Research Tomsk State University were used. Ethanol extracts and butanol fractions of Silene spp. were prepared. The flavonoid shaftoside and the ecdysteroid 20hydroxyecdysone from Lychnis chalcedonica were isolated. Analysis of BAS was carried out by the HPLC method. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of extracts on SARS-CoV-2 replication was performed in Vero cell culture by direct inactivation (neutralization) of virions. Comparison samples were dry ethanol extracts of chaga (Inonotus obliquus, Basidiomycota), spices of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum, Myrtaceae) and root of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Fabaceae).Results. The inhibitory activity of ethanol extracts and butanol fractions of Silene spp., as well as individual compounds (shaftozide and 20-E) was revealed in the range of 50% effective concentrations (EC50) when dissolved in water from 339.85 +/- 83.92 mu g/ml to 1.59 +/- 0.39 mu g/ml and when dissolved in DMSO from 119.34 +/- 26.34 mu g/ml to 2.22 +/- 0.57 mu g/ml, respectively. The butanol fraction of Serratula cupuliformis was active with EC50=21.74 +/- 4.80 and 27.42 +/- 6.05 mu g/mL. These results for some samples of Silene spp. and Serratula cupuliformis are comparable to the EC50 values of the comparators.Conclusion. The results obtained suggest the presence of biologically active substances in the herbal preparations studied that act destructively on virions of SARS-CoV-2 and affect one of the main stages of its "life" cycle - on the attachment to receptors of sensitive cells.
ABSTRACT
In the Chelyabinsk region in 2020, 33 473 cases of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) were detected, of which 493 were fatal. The peak incidence of COVID-19 was recorded in November-December 2020. Purpose of research: description of the course of the infectious process of COVID-19 in patients with a fatal outcome. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of case histories of patients with COVID-19 who had a lethal outcome was carried out using the method of continuous sampling from November 2020 to April 2021 on the basis of the Regional Infectious Diseases Center of the Regional Clinical Hospital No. 3 of the Chelyabinsk Region. Diagnosis was based on a comprehensive assessment of the anamnesis, clinical, laboratory and instrumental data in accordance with the Interim Guidelines "Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19)" version 9 dated 10/26/2020. Verification of the etiological diagnosis was carried out by PCR with reverse transcription to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the nasopharyngeal secretion. The autopsy material was studied in the Pathoanatomical Department No. 9 of the Chelyabinsk Regional Pathological Bureau. Results and discussion. The average age of patients with a fatal outcome was 70 years, more often they were people with blood groups I and II, not vaccinated against COVID-19, pneumococcal infection and influenza;no gender differences were found. For patients with a fatal outcome from COVID-19, the presence of concomitant pathology is most characteristic: arterial hypertension (58%), atherosclerosis (45%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (41.5%), malignant neoplasms (17%). Among the "lethal patients", 50% had lung lesions at admission CT 2 and 25% had changes in the lungs consistent with CT 1;there was also a violation of cognitive functions in 21% of individuals. When comparing the analysis of studies of autopsy material and the clinical picture of patients, it was found that the morphological substrate of COVID-19 is both diffuse alveolar damage and simultaneous damage to the vascular bed, which is accompanied by damage to various organs and systems of the patient's body.Copyright © Eco-Vector, 2022.
ABSTRACT
Aim. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of extracts, fractions and secondary metabolites of plants of the genus Silene (Caryophylaceae) and Serratula cupuliformis (Asteraceae) on the replication of SARS-CoV-2. Material and Methods. Silene spp. and Serratula cupuliformis of the Siberian Botanical Garden of National Research Tomsk State University were used. Ethanol extracts and butanol fractions of Silene spp. were prepared. The flavonoid shaftoside and the ecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone from Lychnis chalcedonica were isolated. Analysis of BAS was carried out by the HPLC method. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of extracts on SARS-CoV-2 replication was performed in Vero cell culture by direct inactivation (neutralization) of virions. Comparison samples were dry ethanol extracts of chaga (Inonotus obliquus, Basidiomycota), spices of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum, Myrtaceae) and root of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Fabaceae). Results. The inhibitory activity of ethanol extracts and butanol fractions of Silene spp., as well as individual compounds (shaftozide and 20-E) was revealed in the range of 50% effective concentrations (EC50) when dissolved in water from 339.85±83.92 µg/ml to 1.59±0.39 µg/ml and when dissolved in DMSO from 119.34±26.34 µg/ml to 2.22±0.57 µg/ml, respectively. The butanol fraction of Serratula cupuliformis was active with EC50=21.74±4.80 and 27.42±6.05 µg/mL. These results for some samples of Silene spp. and Serratula cupuliformis are comparable to the EC50 values of the comparators. Conclusion. The results obtained suggest the presence of biologically active substances in the herbal preparations studied that act destructively on virions of SARS-CoV-2 and affect one of the main stages of its "life” cycle - on the attachment to receptors of sensitive cells. © 2023 The authors. South of Russia: ecology, development. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ABSTRACT
Aim. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of dry ethanol extracts of some Artemisia spp. growing in the Novosibirsk region for SARS-CoV-2 replication. Materials and Methods. The laboratory strain SARS-CoV-2/human/RUS/Nsk-FRCFTM-1/2020 was passed on Vero cell culture. Dry ethanol extracts of plant parts (stems, flowers, leaves) of six types of Artemisia were prepared. The types used were: A. vulgaris L.;A. glauca (Pall. Ex Willd.);A. dracunculus L. (from three growth locations);A. absinthium L.;A. frigida Willd.;and A. sieversiana Ehrh. ex Willd. Dry extracts were dissolved in DMSO. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of extracts against SARS-CoV-2 (an infectious titer of 10(3) TCID50/ml) replication was performed in a Vero E6 cell culture. To do this, the method of direct inactivation (neutralization) of virions, as well as schemes of & ldquo;preventive & rdquo;and & ldquo;therapeutic & rdquo;of cells, were used. Comparison samples were dry ethanol extracts of Inonotus obliquus, Syzygium aromaticum L. and Camellia sinensis L. Results. Extracts of leaves of Artemisia spp. proved to be most effective in direct inactivation of virions. By equal and decreasing activity these are the species: A. vulgaris;A. dracunculus*;A. absinthium;A. dracunculus***;A. dracunculus**;A. frigid;A. glauca;and A. sieversiana with a 50% effective concentration of range 1.10 +/- 0.24 & ndash;11.72 +/- 2.89 mu g/ml. Extracts of flowers of A. vulgaris, A.glauca, A. dracunculus*, A. dracunculus**, A. dracunculus***, A. frigida and A. sieversiana also contain biologically active substances which act both destructively on virions and after the virus has entered cells. For extracts of stems consistently high values of EC50 were found for A. glauca (6.84 +/- 1.35;7.81 +/- 2.00 and 14.06 +/- 3.06 mu g/ml) according to the results of three experimental schemes. Conclusion. The results obtained can become the basis for the development of inexpensive domestic drugs for the treatment and/or prevention of COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Globalization and high-speed means of transportation contribute to the spread of infections dangerous to humans. Airborne pathogens have pandemic potential as currently shown in case of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Natural focal Lassa fever (LF) common in West African countries, in 35 cases was registered in non-endemic geographical areas because any person infected with Lassa virus (LASV) is a long-term source of infection (up to two months). Cases of person-to-person infection in endemic territories are described. In Germany, the facts of secondary virus transmission from patients to doctors have been recorded during the examination and blood collection from an apparently healthy person as well as during the autopsy of a deceased subjects due to severe LF course. Nonspecific malaise symptoms in LF are also characteristic of numerous other diseases common on the African continent, e.g., malaria and typhoid fever or viral infections such as yellow fever, Chikungunya, dengue and Zika, monkey pox and Ebola virus disease. In this regard, there may be similar dermatological manifestations. Timely detection of cases and differential diagnosis are crucial to ensure safe patient care and use of affordable antiviral therapy for LL provided by the drug Ribavirin. Research methods for studying LASV use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting viral RNA, electron microscopy, isolation of infectious virus cultured sensitive cells, indirect immunofluorescence reaction, enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and immuno-chromatographic assays for the detection of antibodies and/or antigen as well as immunoblotting. Currently, test kits based on molecular and genetic methods are mainly used for LF laboratory diagnostics. Since the 1980s, ribavirin has been used to treat patients with LF. The serum accumulation of the drug in large quantities causes hemolysis, development of anemia and impaired renal function. In this regard, treatment options are being considered with decline in its concentration due to combined use with other antiviral drugs. A search for new therapeutic agents capable of inhibiting viral replication at disease early stage has been in progress due to lack of any approved vaccines.
ABSTRACT
In the Chelyabinsk region in 2020, 33 473 cases of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) were detected, of which 493 were fatal. The peak incidence of COVID-19 was recorded in November–December 2020. Purpose of research: description of the course of the infectious process of COVID-19 in patients with a fatal outcome. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of case histories of patients with COVID-19 who had a lethal outcome was carried out using the method of continuous sampling from November 2020 to April 2021 on the basis of the Regional Infectious Diseases Center of the Regional Clinical Hospital No. 3 of the Chelyabinsk Region. Diagnosis was based on a comprehensive assessment of the anamnesis, clinical, laboratory and instrumental data in accordance with the Interim Guidelines "Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19)” version 9 dated 10/26/2020. Verification of the etiological diagnosis was carried out by PCR with reverse transcription to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the nasopharyngeal secretion. The autopsy material was studied in the Pathoanatomical Department No. 9 of the Chelyabinsk Regional Pathological Bureau. Results and discussion. The average age of patients with a fatal outcome was 70 years, more often they were people with blood groups I and II, not vaccinated against COVID-19, pneumococcal infection and influenza;no gender differences were found. For patients with a fatal outcome from COVID-19, the presence of concomitant pathology is most characteristic: arterial hypertension (58%), atherosclerosis (45%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (41.5%), malignant neoplasms (17%). Among the "lethal patients”, 50% had lung lesions at admission CT 2 and 25% had changes in the lungs consistent with CT 1;there was also a violation of cognitive functions in 21% of individuals. When comparing the analysis of studies of autopsy material and the clinical picture of patients, it was found that the morphological substrate of COVID-19 is both diffuse alveolar damage and simultaneous damage to the vascular bed, which is accompanied by damage to various organs and systems of the patient's body. © Eco-Vector, 2022.
ABSTRACT
The paper is devoted to the analysis and research of the epidemiological situation in the Bryansk region caused by COVID-19 virus. The main points of the development and testing of the simulation model of epidemic spread are investigated. An algorithm for modeling the epidemiological situation is proposed, an optimization experiment is conducted that gives realistic values based on historical data, and appropriate conclusions are made. The proposed integrated approach allows to reduce the money and time spent on conducting experiments, and also allows to predict the dynamics of coronavirus development in the given region to work out the strategy of health services by using information technologies such as methods of systems simulation. © 2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
ABSTRACT
The 2020 pandemic confronted the areas related to memory from the margins, with the need to transform their experiences into strategies with future potential. The article seeks to reflect the intersection between two fields of engaged cultural action: that of some Valencian museums and that of romi women's associations, also seen at the local level. Thus, the object of our analysis are two strands of emancipatory cultural action: experiences, often chaotic and conjunctural phenomena, and reasoned strategies, which unite hitherto non-contiguous practices of critical knowledge. The state of emergency defined these strategic branches as digital inclusion and social justice, supported by identity and cultural rights and inseparable from gender struggles. © 2020 Univ Nacional de Educacion a Distancia (UNED). All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The review presents the analysis of the data on the spread of COVID-19 around the world and in Russia available as of June 15, 2020. Dynamics and geographical dissemination of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation is considered. The structure of incidence by gender and age is presented. Assessment of the key epidemiological parameters (morbidity rates and lethality) is provided. The effectiveness of the response measures conducted to control COVID-19 is discussed. © 2020 Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The review analyses the information on the epidemiological situation on COVID-19 around the world. Presented is the assessment of the major epidemiological parameters (basic reproductive rate, lethality, incubation period, and serial interval). Demonstrated is the share of severe cases among different age groups and the general structure of incidence by the severity of clinical course. The paper provides the classification of response models internationally depending upon the complex of measures undertaken at different stages of epidemic process. Reviewed are the key response actions to control the COVID-19 transmission in different countries of the world and the Russian Federation and given is the assessment of their effectiveness. © 2020 Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute. All rights reserved.